Einige Varianten im Gen für den Rezeptor eines „Nervennährstoffes“ machen Menschen anfällig für Suizide. Die Genträger sind einer Publikation in den Archives of General Psychiatry ( 2010; doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.201) zufolge auch dann gefährdet, wenn sie nicht unter Depressionen leiden.
Suizide haben vielschichtige Ursachen. Neben Lebenskrisen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen haben auch genetische Faktoren einen Einfluss darauf, ob ein Mensch in einer für ihn unerträglichen Situation den Ausweg über einen Freitod not investigated.
place near the twin and family studies, such as Martin Kohli and colleagues at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry report. In the search for the responsible genes, the researchers focused on the nerve nutrient BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and its receptor NTRK2 (tyrosine kinase receptor 2). Previous studies have namely shown that this signaling pathway in the brain of suicide victims is less frequently active.
To find out whether there are genetic reasons, the researchers compared the genes of BDNF and NTRK2 at 366 healthy people and in 394 patients with depression had taken of which 133 will attempt suicide. The comparison was limited to 83 so-called SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms). http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/2009.201v1.pdf
* PDF of the study
These are loci in which there is often a change of base pairs. While in the BDNF gene were no significant differences were detected in NTRK2 gene identified three gene variants associated with increased risk for suicide attempt. Actually increases the risk for suicide among depressed behavior at the 4.5-fold when all three unfavorable genetic variants interact.
The results were achieved by comparing a German group of 744 patients with major depression and a control group of 921 healthy people are confirmed African-American origin. Here, too, had people with specific SNP is an increased risk of suicide.
Interestingly, the association was independent of the depression disorder. The SNPs are not the reason for the mood disorder, which is one of the most common cause of suicide: almost a third of patients with depression at some point make a suicide attempt. You will see a second factor that determines the suicidal behavior and genetic factors. In what way the receptor NTRK2 influenced the decision to commit suicide is a puzzle. NTRK2 is not just the binding site of BDNF, but with a variety von Nervennährstoffen.
Kohli vermutet eine wichtige Funktion von NTRK2 in der „Netzwerkbildung von Nervenzellen und somit zur geordneten neuronalen Kommunikation“. Vorstellbar ist beispielsweise, dass er die Belastbarkeit auf Stressreaktionen beeinflusst.
Genaueres müssen künftige Studien zeigen, für die durch die Entdeckung eine wichtige Grundlage gelegt wurde. Auch die Arzneimittelforschung dürfte sich für die Ergebnisse interessieren, da der Rezeptor sich als Angriffspunkt für neue Therapien anbietet. © rme/aerzteblatt.de
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